Effectiveness of anterior middle superior alveolar injection using a computer-controlled local anesthetic delivery system for maxillary periodontal flap surgery

BACKGROUND: Profound anesthesia with adequate duration is required in periodontal flap surgery, which involves the manipulation of both hard and soft tissues. The anterior middle superior alveolar (AMSA) injection may be an alternative to multiple injections required for this purpose in the maxilla. The present study aimed to assess the effectiveness of AMSA injection using computer-controlled local anesthetic delivery (CCLAD) system to anesthetize buccal hard tissue (BHT), buccal soft tissue (BST), palatal hard tissue (PHT), and palatal soft tissue (PST) around the maxillary teeth. METHODS: Thirty-five patients who were indicated for open flap debridement in a whole maxillary quadrant were given AMSA injection using the CCLAD. The effectiveness of anesthesia was evaluated using subjective and objective parameters around each tooth. Supraperiosteal infiltrations were administered to complete the surgery wherever the AMSA injection was ineffective. RESULTS: The AMSA injection was more effective on the palatal tissues than on the buccal tissues, as 94.14% of PST and 87.89% of PHT sites were anesthetized compared to 49.22% and 43.75% of BHT and BST sites, respectively. There was no significant difference in the frequency of anesthesia around the anterior and posterior teeth. The PHT was significantly more anesthetized (P = 0.003) in males than in females. CONCLUSIONS: The AMSA injection using CCLAD is highly effective on palatal tissues and could be used as a first-line anesthesia for periodontal flap surgery. However, its effect on buccal tissues is less predictable, with supraperiosteal infiltration often required to supplement the AMSA injection.

Naevus of Ota with port wine stain - a rare entity

Nevus of Ota, which was originally described by Ota and Tanino in 1939, is a hamartoma of dermal melanocytes. It, also known as nevus fuscoceruleus ophthalmomaxillaris, is a pigmentary change involving the first and second divisions of the trigeminal nerve. Patients with the nevus of Ota have increased amounts of melanin [pigment] and melanin producing cells [melanocytes]. The melanocytosis also affects the oral cavity, nasal mucosa, external auditory canal, tympanic membrane, orbital fissures, meninges and the brain. A port-wine stain [PWS] is defined as a macular telangiectatic patch [CM] which is present at birth and persists throughout life. They may be localized or extensive, affecting a whole limb. Here, we report a rare case of co-existence of nevus of Ota and port-wine stain

Rare case report of dyschromatoisi universalis hereditaria

Dyschromatosis universalis hereditaria [DUH] is a rare genodermatosis reported initially and mostly in Japan. We report a case of DUH in a child with no family history but cosmetic disfigurement and psychological impairment were the presenting symptoms

Effect of antimicrobial photodynamic therapy as an adjunct to nonsurgical treatment of deep periodontal pockets: a clinical study

Introduction: deep periodontal pockets pose a great challenge for nonsurgical periodontal treatment. Scaling and root planing [SRP] alone may not suffice in cases where surgical therapy cannot be undertaken. Various recent studies have suggested the use of antimicrobial Photodynamic Therapy [aPDT] for the management of periodontal infections. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of using aPDT along with SRP, compared to SRP alone for the management of deep periodontal pockets

Methods: thirty patients with chronic periodontitis, who met the criteria of having periodontal pockets with depth ? 6 mm and bleeding on probing [BOP] in at least 2 different quadrants, were included. After SRP, one quadrant was randomly selected for aPDT [test], while another served as control. Clinical parameters i.e. plaque index [PI], modified sulcular bleeding index [mSBI], probing depth [PD] and clinical attachment level [CAL] were measured at baseline, 1 month and 3 months post-treatment intervals

Results: all clinical parameters significantly improved in both groups after 1 and 3 months. At 1-month interval, inter-group difference in mean change was statistically significant [P < 0.05] in terms of mSBI [0.85 +/- 0.41in test vs 0.54 +/- 0.47 in control group] and PD [1.77+/-0.86 in test vs 1.3 +/- 0.95 in control group]. At 3 months interval, no statistically significant difference was observed between test and control groups except in terms of mSBI [0.97 +/- 0.45 in test vs 0.73 +/- 0.42 in control group]

Conclusion: aPDT appears to play an additional role in reduction of gingival inflammation when used along with nonsurgical mechanical debridement of deep periodontal pockets

Potential Applications of Quantum Dots in Mapping Sentinel Lymph Node and Detection of Micrometastases in Breast Carcinoma / 한국유방암학회지

Breast cancer cure aims at complete elimination of malignant cells and essentially requires detection and treatment of any micrometastases. Here, we present a review of the current methods in use and the potential role of the quantum dots (QDs) in detection and visualization of sentinel lymph node and micrometastases in breast cancer patients. The traditional histopathological, immunohistochemical, and reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction procedures being used for micrometastases detection had serious drawbacks of high false negativity, specificity variations and false positivity of the results. Photon emission fluorescence multiplexing characteristics of the quantum dots make them potentially ideal probes for studying the dynamics of cellular processes over time such as continuous tracking of cell migration, differentiation, and metastases. In breast cancer, QDs based molecular and genomic detections had an unparallel high sensitivity and specificity.